12 Common Pediatric Orthopaedic Conditions

Pediatric orthopaedic conditions encompass a wide range of disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system in children. These conditions can be congenital, developmental, or acquired and require specialized care for proper management. Early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial for ensuring a child’s healthy development and quality of life. If you think that your child may be suffering from an orthopaedic condition, seeking prompt care with an experienced orthopaedic specialist is vital. 

Scoliosis

Scoliosis, a condition characterized by a sideways curvature of the spine, often appears during childhood or adolescence. Symptoms may include uneven shoulders, waist, or hips, and in severe cases, the curve can lead to breathing difficulties. Treatment varies based on the severity and may include observation, bracing, or surgery. Regular monitoring is essential to manage progression during growth spurts.

Clubfoot

Clubfoot, a common congenital deformity, presents with one or both feet rotated inward and downward. Early treatment is crucial and often involves the Ponseti method, which includes gentle stretching, casting, and sometimes a minor surgical procedure. With early and consistent treatment, most children achieve excellent functional outcomes.

Hip Dysplasia

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is a spectrum of conditions affecting the hip joint in infants and young children. It ranges from a mild instability to complete dislocation. Early detection through physical exams and ultrasound is key. Treatment options include harnesses, casting, or surgery, with the goal of securing the hip in the proper position to allow normal joint development.

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

This condition, common during adolescent growth spurts, causes pain and swelling below the knee. It’s more prevalent in children who participate in sports that involve running, jumping, and swift changes in direction. Management includes rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications. Most cases resolve with time and reduced activity levels.

Pediatric Fractures

Children’s bones are more flexible than adults’, making their fracture patterns unique. Common types include greenstick fractures, buckle fractures, and growth plate injuries. Treatment depends on the fracture type and may involve casting, splinting, or surgery. Proper care is essential to ensure normal bone growth and healing.

Cerebral Palsy Orthopaedic Issues

Orthopaedic issues in children with cerebral palsy include muscle stiffness, joint contractures, and gait abnormalities. Management is multidisciplinary, involving physical therapy, orthotic devices, and sometimes surgery to improve mobility and reduce discomfort.

Limb Length Discrepancy

Differences in leg lengths can arise from congenital conditions, infections, injuries, or growth disturbances. Treatment depends on the discrepancy’s cause and severity and may include shoe lifts, orthotic devices, or surgical interventions like limb lengthening procedures.

Perthes Disease

Perthes disease affects the blood supply to the femoral head, leading to bone degradation and eventual regeneration. It’s crucial to maintain joint mobility and proper alignment during the healing process. Treatment may involve physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, depending on the disease’s severity and the child’s age.

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)

SCFE, a hip condition common in overweight adolescents, involves the slipping of the femoral head off the thigh bone. Symptoms include hip pain, knee pain, and a limp. Treatment generally involves surgical pinning to prevent further slippage and complications.

Sports-Related Injuries

Increased participation in sports has led to a rise in sports-related injuries in children. These include sprains, strains, overuse injuries, and acute injuries like anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Treatment varies based on the injury’s nature and severity and often involves a combination of rest, physiotherapy, and sometimes surgery.

Bowlegs and Knock-Knees

Bowlegs (genu varum) and knock-knees (genu valgum) are common alignment issues. While often a normal part of growth, persistent or severe cases may require intervention. Treatment options range from observation to orthotic devices or surgery in rare cases.

Juvenile Arthritis

Juvenile arthritis causes joint inflammation and stiffness in children. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent joint damage and preserve function. Treatment includes medications, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery.

Understanding common pediatric orthopaedic conditions is essential for timely intervention and effective management. Parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals must work collaboratively to ensure children receive the care they need for optimal growth and development. With advances in pediatric orthopaedics, many children with these conditions can lead active, fulfilling lives.