Preventing and Treating Falls in the Elderly

Falls are a leading cause of injury for the elderly. As we age, factors like decreased vision, reduced muscle strength, and impaired balance put seniors at an increased risk of falling. Fortunately, falls are largely preventable through proactive safety measures. This article will discuss ways to reduce fall risks and properly treat falls when they do occur.

Causes and Risk Factors for Falls

Several factors can increase an elderly person’s chances of falling. These include:

• Impaired mobility and balance. Conditions like arthritis, muscle weakness, and problems with gait and coordination make falls more likely.
• Vision problems. Poor vision or age-related eye diseases reduce ability to see obstacles and navigate safely.
• Medications. Some prescription drugs like sedatives, antidepressants, and diuretics can cause dizziness or disorientation.
• Environmental hazards. Clutter, poor lighting, loose rugs, and lack of grab bars/railings create tripping and slipping dangers.
• Chronic conditions. Diseases like Parkinson’s, dementia, low blood pressure, and osteoporosis increase fall risks.
• Previous falls. Having fallen once makes future falls more likely. Fear of falling again can also limit activity.

Reducing Fall Risks at Home

There are many ways to make a home safer and prevent falls among the elderly. Recommended tips include:

• Remove tripping hazards. Keep walkways clear of clutter, cords, and loose rugs. Secure loose carpeting.
• Improve lighting. Use maximum wattage bulbs, night lights, and increased lighting in stairwells. Have light switches at top and bottom of stairs.
• Install grab bars and railings. Place grab bars in bathrooms near toilets and in shower/tub areas. Add railings on both sides of stairways.
• Use non-slip mats. Place rubber mats or slip-resistant strips in bathrooms and kitchen areas that may get wet.
• Rearrange storage. Keep commonly used items within easy reach. Have a stable step stool available if needed.
• Add seating. Place chairs, benches, or raised toilet seats in areas where the senior may need to rest or sit.

Incorporating simple home modifications like these can greatly reduce fall risks. A home care provider in Tacoma, WA, can help assess the home and recommend appropriate safety measures.

Treating Falls Properly

If a senior does suffer a fall, it is important to provide proper treatment. The steps for dealing with a fall are:

1. Remain calm and contact emergency services if the person appears seriously injured or is unable to get up.
2. Assess for injuries. Look for signs of cuts, bruises, broken bones, sprains, and head trauma. Even if there is no obvious injury, get medical attention.
3. Help the person gradually get up to prevent dizziness. Provide support and do not rush.
4. Monitor for delayed onset of pain over the next 48 hours. Head to the ER if severe headache, limb pain, confusion, vomiting, or other worrying symptoms appear.
5. Evaluate medications with a doctor, as dosage adjustments may be needed after a fall.
6. Determine the cause of the fall and remove any hazards to prevent repeat falls. Consider physical therapy to improve strength and balance.
7. Provide emotional support and encourage activity. Fear of falling again can actually increase future fall risk. Reassure the senior and help build back confidence.

Falls Don’t Have to be Inevitable

Falls can threaten the health and independence of seniors. But implementing preventative strategies and promptly treating falls when they occur can greatly reduce the risks. With some prudent safety measures and the assistance of a home care provider when needed, the elderly can continue living vibrant, engaged lives safely in their own homes.

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